When multiple batteries are packed close to one another such as in an energy storage system or electric vehicle, a thermal runaway event in a single can lead to a cascading failure that propagates through neighboring cells. This event can be hazardous to nearby humans, flammable materials, and other batteries.

However, in the event of a damaging accident, battery misuse, or manufacturing defect a battery can go in to thermal runaway. Lithium ion battery technology presents a great opportunity for addressing the need for energy storage. During a thermal runaway event, it is found interfacial thermal resistance can mitigate thermal runaway in a battery module by significantly reducing heat transfer between cells. Benefits of a battery module using thermal management materials are quantified through numerical experiments. The model is built upon a multi-scale multi-domain modeling framework for battery packs that accounts for the interplay across multiple physical phenomena. To investigate the effects of interfacial thermal transport beyond individual cell level, a multiphysics battery model is used. The difference is primarily caused by interfacial thermal moreВ В» resistance so that it can be estimated by steady-state and transient measurements. Results show flash diffusivity method gives higher thermal conductivity at both cross-plane and in-plane directions. The steady-state absolute method and the transient laser-flash-diffusivity method were employed to measure heat conductivities of battery layer stacks and individual battery layer separately. One of the key challenges is that interfacial heat transfer of a battery unit is difficult to quantify. Therefore, it is essential to understand heat generation and dissipation within individual battery cells and battery packs to plan a proper thermal management strategy. Temperature critically affects the performance, life and safety of lithium-ion batteries. This delay is described with two new parameters in the form of gap-crossing and cell-crossing time to grade the propensity of propagation from cell to cell. A propagating failure of even a small pack may stretch over several minutes including delays as each cell is heated to the point of thermal runaway. Results show significant delays between thermal runaway in adjacent cells, which are analyzed to determine intercell contact resistances and to assess how much heat energy is transmitted to cells before they undergo thermal runaway. These propagation limits are correlated with the stored energy density. Reduced states of charge and metal plates both reduce the energy stored relative to the heat capacity, and the results show how cascading propagation may be slowed and mitigated moreВ В» as this varies. The prevention of cascading propagation is explored on cells with reduced states of charge and stacks with metal plates between cells. This work examines the response of modules of stacked pouch cells after thermal runaway is induced in a single cell. The heat generated during a single cell failure within a high energy battery system can force adjacent cells into thermal runaway, creating a cascading propagation effect through the entire system. The reactionвЂ“diffusion equations in the porous particles are defined in a similar fashion as for the intercalation of species in solid particles.= , In the case of porous particles, a bimodal pore structure is obtained: a macroporous structure between the packed particles and a microporous structure inside the particles. The intercalation species and reactions are predefined for Li-ion batteries, but you can use the same functionality to model intercalation of hydrogen in, for example, NiMH batteries.

The flux of the intercalating species is coupled at the surface of the particles with the species that are transported in the pore electrolyte between the particles. These intercalating species are modeled with a separate diffusion-reaction equation defined along the radius of the solid particles. However, transport and reactions may occur in the solid particles for small atoms such as hydrogen and lithium atoms. In the case of solid particles, the porosity in the electrode is found between the packed particles. The particles in porous battery electrodes can either be solid (Li-ion electrode) or porous (leadвЂ“acid, NiCd). Intercalating Species and Transport in Pore Structures

Comsol 5.1 lithium ion battery module